At the shell:

sudo apt-get install lib32gcc1 libpng12-0
cd /path/to/starbound
mkdir steamcmd
cd steamcmd
wget http://media.steampowered.com/installer/steamcmd_linux.tar.gz
tar zxvf steamcmd_linux.tar.gz
chmod +x steamcmd.sh
./steamcmd.sh

In steamcmd. Password will echo when logging in!

> login USERNAME
> force_install_dir ..
> app_update 211820
> exit

Back at the shell:

cd /path/to/starbound/linux64
./starbound_server

Ctrl+C to exit.

This creates the default config file in starbound/starbound.config, JSON style. Key things to change:

"serverName" : "WHATEVER",
"serverPasswords" : [ "SERVER_PASSWORD" ],

Server launch script go:

cd linux64
./starbound_server

Server update script update:

cd steamcmd
./steamcmd.sh  +login StabbyMcDamage  +force_install_dir ..  +app_update 211820  +exit